Encephalopathy and Axonal Neuropathy Associated With Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection frequently presents as a self-limited process, however, severe cases and even fatalities have been reported. The authors present a case of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection associated with both encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy that responded to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of Mycoplasma pneumoniae related to encephalitis and peripheral axonal neuropathy. To date, there is insufficient data on the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on the course of mycoplasma-associated central nervous system/peripheral nervous system disease. While intravenous immunoglobulin has aided in a variety of autoimmune-mediated disorders, its efficacy in mycoplasma-mediated encephalitis treatment remains unclear. In this patient case, reversal of both central and peripheral nervous system symptoms after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin suggested a possible therapeutic benefit.